nuclear energy

dimensions:

length(l): is the distance between to bodies in(si) this is measured in meters .we also use centimetres or kilometres.we used rulers,measuring tapes an so on when we are measuring length.
surface area(s): is the space pccupied by two dimensions.length and width. in(si)united we measured sourface area in square meters. and other very common united is squares centemeres.
volume(v)is the total space occupied bu a body. its often measured in litres even in the(si) is the cubic metre. the volume of liquids or solids can be measured using measuring cylindres. in the case of the regular geometric SHAPES.WE CAN use mathematical formulas. for example the volumen of a sphere with radios(r)

what is matter?

everything that suround us is made up od matter.the air,the animal,rocks,plants,everythiong.we could define matter as all that occupies space and can be weighed.even gassses which are very an inflated balloon we can see that it weighs slightly more than un.inflated balloon.when we are studing matter we lengt,surface,area,vilume,mass,density or termperature.so that we are old using the same unites in science,we used what is called the international system of unites.

movement and force

movement:
classisy movements depending on their trajectory and the constancy or not of the speed of state of the bodies,whike they change place or position.

Alternative sources of energy

Renewable or exhaustible The power plants can be divided in two great sub-groups: permanent (renewable) and weathers (exhaustible). In principle, the permanent fonts are those that have solar origin, of facts all we know that the Sun will remain by more time than the human species. Even so, the renovabilidad concept depends on the time scale that are used and the rate of use of the resources. Therefore, the fossil fuels consider nonrenewable sources since the rate of use is far beyond the rate of formation of the own resource. In the following table we provided information to you on the primary energy sources that are used at the moment. You complete the two last columns, marking with a cross the corresponding square. Renewable or Exhaustible?

Fossil energy:
The fossil fuels can be used in solid form (coal) or soda water (natural gas). They are accumulations of alive beings who lived million ago years. In the case of the coal one is forests of marshy zones, and in the case of petroleum and the natural gas of great masses of accumulated marine plankton at heart of the sea. In both cases the organic matter was disturbed partially for want of oxygen, so that they were stored molecules with connections of high energy.

Hydraulic energy:
The accumulated potential energy in the water jumps can be transformed into electrical energy. The hydroelectric power stations take advantage of energy the rivers to put into operation turbines that drag a generator ELT.

Energy of the biomass:
The biomass, from the power point of view, is considered like the set of the organic matter, of vegetal origin or animal, that is susceptible to be used with purposes energetics. It also includes the materials coming from the natural or artificial transformation of the organic matter

solar energy:
The pick up of the solar radiation serves so much to transform the solar energy into heat (thermal), like generating electricity (photovoltaic)

geometric energy:
Part of the internal Earth heat (5.000ºC) arrives at the terrestrial crust. In some zones of the planet, near the surface, the underground waters can reach temperatures of boiling, and, therefore, to serve to drive electrical turbines or to warm up.

Nuclear energy:
The atomic nucleus of heavy elements like uranium, can be disintegrated (nuclear fission) and to release radiating and kinetic energy. The thermonuclear power stations take advantage of this energy to produce electricity by means of aqueous vapour turbines.

Gravitational energy:
The attraction of the Sun and the Moon that originates the tides can be taken advantage of to generate electricity.

Energy souces

throughout history people have obteined energy form their own muscles,animal, the wind,running water,several types of fuel(wood,coal,oil,petroleum,etc...) and electricity.
Of course tradicional sources of energy are still being used.
Examples:
Muscular energy in order to carry out certain tasks, animals for pulling cars,ploughing the land in developing countries, air currents dor sailing boats, wind farms, runnings water for bolires,electricity for house-hold,electrical aplicances industrial machinery.

Sources	Advantages
MUSCULAR	Move different things, to can drive, to can talk, to can walk and run, to can take more energy like eating
ANIMALS	It give food to others animals and humans, and to help us to make hard works
WIND	It make possible work in the wind-mills
RUNNING WATER	To give us energy and to move things
FUEL	With this source we can use the technology ,or the most of things
ELERCTICITY	It made possible the light, and movement, to can drive ,to can use a simple computer

Materials in the atmosphere,hydrosphere and litosphere

the atmosphere is made up of mostly gaseous materials.there are also some liquid ans solid materials,like the minute drops of water and ice that made up the clouds.
as far as we are concerned the most important material in the atmosphere is the air.
air is not a gas but a mixure of gases.
it is made up of 78% nitrogen,21%oxygen and 1% other gases.

The hydrosphere or hydrosphere [1] (of Greek the hydros: water and sphaira: sphere) describes in Earth Sciences the material system constituted by the water that are low, and on the Earth surface.
The water that conforms the hydrosphere distributes between several compartment that in sequence from largest to smallest volume is: The oceans, that cover two thirds with the terrestrial surface with a typical depth of 3000 to 5000 meters.
The glaciers that cover part with the continental surface. Mainly both caps glaciers of Greenland and the Antarctic, but also glaciers of mountain and volcano, smaller extension and thickness, in all the latitudes.
The surface run-off, a very dynamic system formed by rivers and Lagos.
The underground water, that is contracted on porous rocks of more or less universal way.
In the atmosphere in the form of clouds.
In the biosphere, forming part of plants, animal and human beings

Litosphere or the lithospere:
[1] (of Greek λίθος, " piedra" and σφαίρα, " esfera") it is solid the superficial Earth layer, characterized by his rigidity. It is formed by the terrestrial crust and the contiguous zone, most external, of the residual mantle, and “it floats” on the asthenosphere, “a soft” layer that comprises of the mantle upper. It is the zone where one takes place, in interaction with the asthenosphere, the Tectonics of plates. The lithospere is fragmented in a series of tectonic or litosféricas plates, in whose edges the endogenous geologic phenomena are concentrated, like the magmatismo (including the vulcanism), the seismicity or the orogénesis. The plates can be oceanic or mixed, covers partly by crust of continental type.
According to the type of crust that contains they distinguish two types of the lithosperes:
The oceanic lithospere: She is the one that is formed by oceanic crust and residual mantle. It sets up the bottoms of the oceans and has an average thickness of 100 km but in the great mountain ranges that there are at heart of the oceans, denominated the dorsal South Sea islanders, its thickness is of only 7 km.
The continental lithospere: She is the one that is formed by continental crust and residual mantle. She is the one that constitutes the continents. It has an average thickness of about 150 km.

The materials pf the earth`s sourface

Write a list f the materials that you can see in the air,waterand on a beach itself
-Salt,sand,water
What part of the earth you can see if you stand on the seashore?
the ocean,the liquid part of the earth
when we walk on sand it appears to be very soft
are the grains of sand soft or hard?
its soft when we have many grains,but whne we touch just one its so hard
what is the relationship between thw rocks and the sand of the beach?
the sand of the beach is little rocks

material systems

when our ancestors firts made things,they used to materials they found around them such as rocks,wood,bone and animal skins.as time went on,they learned how to alter these natural materials,they learned how to make new materials.
Solids,liquids and gases. we found elements in the earth,in the sea and in the air.

Energy

many small children seem to have an endles supply of energy.this ussually leaves their parents feeling in turn that they have very little energy!.Our bodies need a constand supply of energy from the food we eat in order to work properly.Diferent forms of energy is constantly being changed form one form into an other.
Energy all around us:
Chemical energy:
they are burned to produce that energy.natural ga(methane)and other fuels contain it.
Electrical energy:is used to provide movement.
Sonud and light energy:
1.SOUND:
Sound waves require some kind of material to travel through. They can't move through a vacuum.
Sound waves move much much slower. Their speed in air is about 330 metres per second.
Sound waves are like heat conduction. No particles actually travel.

2.LIGHT:
Light waves don't require a material to travel through. They can move through a vacuum.
Light waves move very very fast. The speed of light is about 300,000 kilometres per second.
Light waves are like little particles that actually move from place to place.

Nuclear energy:
The sun and stars are seemingly inexhaustible sources of energy. That energy is the result of nuclear reactions, in which matter is converted to energy. We have been able to harness that mechanism and regularly use it to generate power. Presently, nuclear energy provides for approximately 16% of the world's electricity. Unlike the stars, the nuclear reactors that we have today work on the principle of nuclear fission. Scientists are working like madmen to make fusion reactors which have the potential of providing more energy with fewer disadvantages than fission reactors.